As per India Meteorological Department, South West Monsoon (June to September, 2024) is most likely to be normal to below normal over Northeast India.
Plant Breeding & Genetics –Harendra Verma
1. Before sowing, deep ploughing should be done to expose the pupae of insects, to manage soil borne diseases and pest and to avoid damage by their attack.
2. Arrange all necessary agri-input such as fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides and small farm tool for better management of crop growth.
3. Choose early or medium duration rice varieties such as RC- Maniphou -7 (130 days), Pusa Sugandha (120 days, aromatic rice).
4. For upland rice cultivation, Bhalum-5 HYV is suitable.
5. Prepare jalkund or small water shed units for conservation of water to facilitate lifesaving irrigation during water scarcity situation and management of irrigation for crops.
Fruit Science –Ruth Assumi
1. For fruit trees, conservation of moisture during this rainfall deficit month is very crucial which can be mitigated by mulching measures.
2. Mulch around the basin of fruit trees with crop residues.
3. Clean the fruit tree basin (making clean rings) areas to prevent uptake of moisture by weeds growing around the ring of the fruit trees.
Vegetable Science – Aabon W Yanthan
1. Long dry spell followed by sudden heavy rainfall will affect the vegetables. High incidence of diseases and pest will occur in such times.
2. Mulching using organic materials or plastic for conservation of moisture during the dry spell is recommended.
3. Bacterial wilt in tomato and chilli will be witnessed if there is continuous rain.
4. White fly: It is a vector insect which spreads many diseases like leaf curl viral disease in tomato. Spray neem oil for preventive measure. Spray insecticides if white fly population is more.
5. Growing of vegetables under rain shelter: Low cost rain shelter can be constructed using bamboo and plastic. Vegetables will be protected from heavy rainfall and diseases. Growing vegetables under such structures during rainy season has proven to give production, high quality with BC ratio of >3:1.
Agroforestry – Pempa Lamu Bhutia
Bamboo Planting Guidelines - SPACING
Bamboo spacing varies by species and purpose. For medium-diameter species, an optimal spacing of 5 x 5 meters is recommended, which can be increased to 6 x 6 or 7 x 7 meters with proper management practices. Smaller species typically thrive with a 4 x 4 meters spacing, while larger diameter species require wider gaps of 7 x 7 meters or even 10 x 10 meters. When aiming for soil stabilization, a spacing of 3 x 3 meters is sufficient, whereas for effective erosion control, closer spacing of 3 x 3 meters or 2.5 x 2.5 meters is advised.
Bamboo planting techniques:
1. Put the stake after measuring the spacing before digging pits.
2. Prepare pits before the rainy season, exposing dug-out soil to weather conditions.
3. Ensure pits are wide and deep enough to accommodate bamboo roots without restriction. For offsets and rhizomes, opt for pits ranging from 60 x 60 x 60 to 100 x 100 x 100 cms. Seedlings and branch cuttings can thrive in pits as small as 30 x 30 x 30 or 45 x 45 x 45 cms.
4. Weed within 50-centimeter radius around the pit.
5. Plant bamboo vertically in the pit, ensuring roots are not curled.
6. Water the plant after the planting is done. For the next 10 weeks, irrigate if there's insufficient rain, initially daily and later twice a week.
7. Mulching with straw or hay (20 cm depth) around the transplants to conserve the soil moisture.
Pathology – Mathew S Baite
Integrated Disease Management (IDM) combining cultural, biological, mechanical, and chemical methods to control plant diseases in a sustainable manner using locally available materials is recommended. One common advisory for disease management is to use disease resistant variety. The aim is to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and promoting sustainable farming practices in Nagaland
1. Rice blast - Monitor for symptoms of rice blast, particularly after rainfall. Apply Tricyclazole (0.6 g/L of water) or Isoprothiolane (1.5 ml/L) at the early signs of disease. Avoid excessive nitrogen application.
2. Ginger - Rhizome rot - Heavy and continuous rainfall can lead to rhizome rot Ensure good drainage in the fields to prevent waterlogging. Apply Trichoderma harzianum around the base of plants as a preventive measure when heavy rains are forecasted.
3. Mushroom disease management - High moisture levels during the rainy season can lead to contamination and disease in mushroom cultivation. Implement strict hygienic practices, including sterilizing equipment and substrates. Use lime or formalin for disinfection and ensure proper ventilation in growing areas.
Entomology – Moanaro Lemtur
1. In cowpea, ridge gourd, sponge gourd, and Okra if scrapping, holes or caterpillars are observed in the leaves, spray neem oil @ 2ml/L or Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.75ml/L or Indoxacarb 14.5 sc or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC @ 0.5 ml/L of water during evening hours.
2. In cowpea if aphids infestation is observed, clip off the infested tips and pods in the initial stage and spray soap solution but if the attack is severe spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/L or Novaluron 10 EC @ 1 ml/L of water.
3. In chilli if downward curling of leaves with stunted growth are observed spray propargite 57 %EC @ 1.5 ml or or Novaluron 10 EC @ 1 ml/L of water.
4. Install yellow sticky traps in the vegetable field to monitor the pest population.
5. Hang Cue lure Fruit fly trap @ 10 traps/ha in cucumber, sponge gourd, bitter gourd, bottle gourd and pointed gourd field.
6. Hang Methyl Eugenol Fruit fly trap @ 10 traps/ha at 3-5 feet above ground level in mango orchard to trap male fruit fly.
Poultry –Mahak Singh
1. Birds should be kept well hydrated. Add some electrolytes (ORS) in the drinking water atleast once a day on very hot days. Some vitamins may also be added for 8-10 days.
2. Deworming of birds may be started from the age of 35-45 days and repeat every 3 month.
3. Vaccinate on schedule with all necessary vaccines. In Nagaland context Newcastle, fowl pox and IBD vaccines are must especially for layers.
4. Regularly disinfect the feeders and drinkers.
Piggery – Ebibeni
1. For prevention and control of pig diseases VACCINATION SHOULD BE DONE ANNUALLY.
2. Vaccination should be given at community level involving the whole village. Only healthy animals to be vaccinated
3. Deworming to be done one week prior to vaccination. Avoid vaccinating animals during extreme heat conditions. Plan to vaccinate in the early morning hours when temperatures are low to moderate.
4. Vaccination against CSF (Classical Swine fever) (Raksha Class vaccine) @1ml per pig from 2 months of age onwards.
5. FMD (Food and Mouth disease) vaccine from 2 months of age onwards, repeat after 6 months.
