Dr H Denchu Phom
Consultant, Surgical Oncology, CIHSR
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the body. It is not a single entity but a collective term for a vast group of diseases that can affect various organs and tissues. While the causes of cancer can vary depending on the type, it is important to dispel certain myths and misconceptions surrounding this disease.
My sin/family sin/forefather’s sin?
This belief is rooted in ancient religious and cultural beliefs but has no scientific basis. Cancer is a complex disease influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and random mutations in DNA.
God’s punishment?
It is important to recognize that cancer is a disease that can affect anyone, regardless of their moral or spiritual beliefs. Associating cancer with punishment can perpetuate guilt and stigmatization among those already dealing with the physical and emotional challenges of the disease.
Cancer is contagious?
It cannot be transmitted through touch, sharing food or drinks, or any casual contact with someone who has cancer. Cancer develops within an individual's body due to internal factors and is not communicable like infectious diseases.
Death sentence?
While cancer can be a serious and life-threatening condition, advancements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment have significantly improved survival rates. Many cancers are now highly treatable, especially when detected at early stages. It is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals for accurate information and guidance regarding individual cases.
Do Cell phones cause cancer?
However, extensive scientific research conducted over the years has not found any conclusive evidence linking cell phone use to an increased risk of cancer. The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by these devices are considered to be non-ionizing and have not been proven to cause cancer in humans.
Does Herbal medicine offer a cure for cancer?
While some complementary therapies may offer symptom relief or support during cancer treatment, there is currently no scientific evidence to support the claim that herbal medicine can cure cancer on its own. It is important for individuals with cancer to consult with their healthcare team and follow evidence-based treatments for the best chance of successful outcomes.
Cancers run in families?
While certain types of cancer can have a hereditary component, the majority of cancers occur sporadically, without a significant family history. Genetic predisposition does play a role in some cases, but environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and random genetic mutations are also significant contributors to cancer development.
Cancer always comes back after treatment?
Cancer recurrence rates vary depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the effectiveness of the initial treatment. Advances in cancer therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, have significantly improved long-term outcomes for many cancer patients, leading to remission and even cure in some cases.
It is crucial to rely on accurate and evidence-based information about cancer to dispel myths and misconceptions. By understanding the true nature of cancer and its causes, we can foster a more informed and compassionate society that supports those affected by this challenging disease.
What is cancer?
Cancer is a disease that happens when some of the body's cells start to grow and multiply in an uncontrolled way. Normally, our cells grow and divide in a controlled manner to help our body function properly. But in cancer, something goes wrong, and cells start to divide and grow too much, forming a mass of cells called a tumour.
Cancer can occur in different parts of the body, like the lungs, breasts, colon, or skin. These different types of cancer have their own names, like lung cancer or breast cancer. Sometimes, cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system. This is called metastasis.
The reason why cancer starts is not always clear, but there are certain things that can increase the risk, like smoking, exposure to harmful chemicals, a family history of cancer, or certain infections. But it's important to remember that not everyone who has these risk factors will get cancer, and some people without any risk factors can still develop it.
Common Cause of Cancer
1. Genetic Factors: Certain inherited gene mutations can increase the risk of developing specific types of cancer. However, it is important to note that inherited gene mutations account for a small percentage of overall cancer cases.
2. Environmental Exposures: Exposure to certain substances in the environment can increase the risk of cancer. These can include exposure to tobacco smoke, asbestos, certain chemicals and pollutants, ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, and ionizing radiation from medical imaging tests or occupational exposures.
3. Lifestyle Choices: Unhealthy lifestyle habits can contribute to cancer development. These include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet (high in processed foods, red meat, and low in fruits and vegetables), lack of physical activity, and being overweight or obese.
4. Infectious Agents: Certain infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer. Examples include human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, hepatitis B and C viruses and liver cancer, Helicobacter pylori and stomach cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and some types of lymphoma.
5. Age: The risk of cancer increases with age, as the body's cells accumulate genetic damage over time.
6. Hormonal Factors: Some cancers are influenced by hormonal factors. For example, long-term exposure to estrogen without breaks, such as in women who start menstruating early, go through menopause late or take hormone replacement therapy, may increase the risk of breast and uterine cancers.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop cancer. Many individuals with one or more risk factors never develop the disease, while others without any apparent risk factors can still develop cancer. Cancer is a complex interplay of various factors, and each case is unique.
Do I have to be scared of cancer?
No, you do not have to live in constant fear of cancer. While cancer is a serious disease that affects many people worldwide, it is important to approach it with a balanced perspective. Here are a few reasons why you don't need to be consumed by fear:
1. Most cancers are preventable: Many cases of cancer can be prevented through simple lifestyle choices and behaviors. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and protecting yourself from harmful exposures, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing cancer.
2. Early detection improves outcomes: Regular cancer screenings and awareness of potential symptoms can lead to early detection. Detecting cancer in its early stages often results in more effective treatment and higher chances of successful outcomes. By staying informed about the recommended screenings for your age and gender, you can take proactive steps toward early detection.
3. Advances in treatment: Over the years, significant progress has been made in cancer research and treatment. Innovative therapies, such as targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and precision medicine, have revolutionized cancer care and improved survival rates for many types of cancer. The field of oncology continues to evolve, and new treatment options are constantly being developed.
4. Support and resources: There are numerous resources available for cancer patients and their families. Support groups, counseling services, and patient advocacy organizations offer emotional support, education, and practical assistance. The medical community is dedicated to providing comprehensive care and ensuring the best possible outcomes for individuals facing cancer.
It is essential to maintain a proactive approach to your health, such as regular check-ups, screenings, and adopting a healthy lifestyle. While it's important to be aware of the risk factors and take appropriate measures, living in constant fear or anxiety about cancer is not productive. Focus on the positive steps you can take to reduce your risk, and stay informed about the latest advancements in cancer prevention, detection, and treatment.
Why early detection is important?
1. Increased Treatment Options: When cancer is detected at an early stage, it is often localized and has not spread to other parts of the body. This allows for a broader range of treatment options, including less invasive and more organ-preserving procedures. Early-stage cancers are generally more responsive to treatment, and the chances of complete eradication or long-term remission are higher.
2. Improved Treatment Outcomes: Early detection allows for prompt initiation of appropriate treatment, which can lead to better treatment outcomes. It reduces the likelihood of cancer progressing to advanced stages where it becomes more difficult to treat effectively. By intervening early, healthcare providers can target the disease when it is more manageable, potentially improving long-term survival rates and quality of life for patients.
3. Potential for Cure: In some cases, early detection can lead to a complete cure. Certain cancers, when detected and treated at an early stage, offer a higher likelihood of achieving long-term remission or even complete eradication. Regular screenings and awareness of early signs and symptoms can significantly increase the chances of a positive treatment outcome.
4. Reduced Treatment Costs: Treating cancer at advanced stages often involves more aggressive interventions, such as extensive surgeries, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. These treatments are generally more costly and can have a higher risk of complications. Early detection and treatment allow for less invasive and less resource-intensive interventions, which can result in reduced healthcare costs for individuals, healthcare systems, and society as a whole.
5. Improved Quality of Life: Early detection and timely treatment can help minimize the physical and emotional burden associated with cancer. It can preserve organ function, reduce the need for extensive treatments, and minimize the potential for long-term side effects. Detecting cancer at an early stage allows individuals to maintain a better quality of life throughout their treatment journey.
It is important to note that early detection does not guarantee a cure for all cases of cancer. However, it significantly increases the chances of successful treatment and better overall outcomes. Regular screenings, awareness of risk factors, and prompt reporting of any unusual symptoms to healthcare professionals are key steps individuals can take to facilitate early detection.
Prevention and early detection play crucial roles in reducing the risk of cancer. Engaging in a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a balanced diet, being physically active, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, protecting oneself from harmful exposures, and getting recommended cancer screenings, can help reduce the risk and catch cancer at earlier stages when treatment outcomes are generally better.
Recent data from the Christian Institute of Health Sciences and Research (CIHSR) has shed light on the alarming increase in cancer cases over the past three years. The data reveals a rising trend in both the number of patients seeking treatment and the cost of their medical care, emphasizing the urgent need for accessible expertise and affordable treatment modalities.
According to the CIHSR report, the years 2019-2021 witnessed a significant increase in the number of patients seeking cancer treatment, with a total of 1,101 cases recorded during this period. This surge in patient numbers indicates a growing burden on healthcare facilities and highlights the importance of robust healthcare infrastructure to meet the rising demand.
Moreover, the report highlights the concerning escalation in the cost of cancer treatment. As medical advancements continue to improve survival rates, the expenses associated with cancer care are also on the rise. This puts a considerable financial strain on patients and their families, often leading to compromised access to quality healthcare.
Head and neck cancer being the most common in Nagaland, followed by carcinoma nasopharynx and cervix, highlights the specific cancer patterns in that region. This information underscores the importance of understanding the local prevalence and risk factors associated with different types of cancer.
Head and neck cancer refers to a group of cancers that affect various areas in the head and neck region, including the oral cavity, throat, voice box, and nasal passages. Risk factors for head and neck cancer include tobacco use (including smokeless tobacco), excessive alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, and certain viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV).
Carcinoma nasopharynx is a type of cancer that develops in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose. In certain regions, including parts of Southeast Asia, including Nagaland, there is a higher incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer. Risk factors for carcinoma nasopharynx include genetic factors, exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and environmental factors, such as certain dietary habits (SMOKED MEAT).
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in Nagaland. It affects the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Infections with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the primary cause of cervical cancer. Other risk factors include early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, and a weakened immune system.
Despite these challenges, the CIHSR report emphasizes the presence of expertise and standard treatment modalities at the institute. The dedicated team of healthcare professionals at CIHSR ensures that patients receive proper care, which is crucial in determining survival outcomes. By employing state-of-the-art treatment approaches, CIHSR aims to provide the best possible chances of recovery for cancer patients.
As the number of cancer cases continues to rise, it is imperative for policymakers, healthcare providers, and the public to unite in their efforts to address this pressing issue. By investing in adequate resources, fostering collaborations, and prioritizing affordable treatment options, we can collectively strive towards better survival outcomes and improved quality of life for cancer patients.
The CIHSR data serves as a reminder that tackling the challenges posed by cancer requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach. With continued dedication and support, the medical community can work towards a future where every patient receives the care they need and deserve.
